Elizabeth Scharpf, Chief Instigating Officer at Sustainable Health Enterprises (SHE)
Katie Orenstein, Founder and Director at The Op-Ed Project
Amini Kajunju, CEO/COO at the and Executive Committee member at Angel Africa

They are the big-wigs at their respective organizations and have each made great strides in addressing social issues, but these three women were also honest, funny, and down-to-earth about life as a woman social entrepreneur. Elizabeth Scharpf spoke about her “tipping point” that guided her down a different path. She had been working at an INGO in Mozambique, and had spoken with some young children about what they wanted to be when the grew up. One child answered: “I want to work for a big international development organization, because I want to be rich.” Hmmm. That wasn’t exactly the motivation for involvement in the social sector that she (or really anyone else for that matter) wanted to hear. What resulted was Elizabeth’s pursuit of an alternative path that led her to start SHE.

Amini took an existing nonprofit organization (now in its 4th decade) and turned it around. When she arrived the organization had $30,000 in the bank and she had to fundraise her own salary. Now the organization has a $600,000 annual operating budget and is licensing its 16-week mini-MBA to organizations across the country. All three women pointed out what a large role volunteers played in not only keeping these organizations afloat, but more importantly in moving them forward. At Amini’s organization, WIBO, 35% of their volunteers have been with the organization for 10 years or more. She should definitely be writing a book on volunteer retention!!

Katie was the reluctant social entrepreneur. A professional journalist, Katie had no interest in running a nonprofit or social venture, but statistics about the representation of women writers on Op-Ed pages sent her down a different path. Currently about 15% of Op-Ed pieces are written by women–and apparently this statistic is “bizarrely consistent” throughout television, congress, and NYT Best Sellers. BUT…apparently while about 85% of Op-Ed pieces are by male writers, apparently about 90% of submissions are by men as well. Hmmm. It’s not that pieces by women aren’t being selected, it’s that they aren’t being submitted.

Katie’s mission, however, is not specifically about Op-Ed pages. It’s about “thought leadership” and making sure that women’s perspectives are being heard across the board. The Op-Ed Project was born since its a tangible concept with measurable outcomes (Please take notes budding social entrepreneurs.) She made a very deliberate choice regarding her branding, message, and mission.

I’d recommend setting aside a time to listen to these women speak, or take advantage of the programs they offer.

Say “Hi” to Amini this Friday and Saturday at the Angel Africa Enterprise Conference (Currently a buy 1 get 1 free on tickets!!)

Catch Elizabeth next week at The Feast.

or,  Sign Up for one of The Op-Ed Project’s Upcoming Seminars.

If you don’t already know, social entrepreneurship is definitely a jargon-y, buzzword whose definition is sometimes hard to pin down. A quick Google search for “social entrepreneurship” puts Wikipedia (of course!) at the top of the list. Wikipedia defines social entrepreneurship as “the work of a social entrepreneur. A social entrepreneur is someone who recognizes a social problem and uses entrepreneurial principles to organize, create, and manage a venture to make social change.”

After perusing through a couple of the top Google search hits for definitions of social entrepreneurship, four main elements began to appear. While there is no hard and fast definition, social entrepreneurs tend to be described as individuals who are  (1) innovative problem solvers, (2) very committed to their work, (3) addressing large scale issues, and (4) contrasted with business entrepreneurs.

• Social entrepreneurs are innovative problem solvers

Rather than leaving societal needs to the government or business sectors, social entrepreneurs find what is not working and solve the problem by changing the system, spreading the solution, and persuading entire societies to take new leaps. –ASHOKA

The job of a social entrepreneur is to recognize when a part of society is stuck and to provide new ways to get it unstuck. He or she finds what is not working and solves the problem by changing the system, spreading the solution and persuading entire societies to take new leaps.–PBS: The New Heroes

Social entrepreneurs pioneer innovative and systemic approaches for meeting the needs of the marginalized, the disadvantaged and the disenfranchised – populations that lack the financial means or political clout to achieve lasting benefit on their own.–Skoll Foundation

Social entrepreneurs drive social innovation and transformation in various fields including education, health, environment and enterprise development. –Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship

• Social Entrepreneurs are committed to their work

Social entrepreneurs often seem to be possessed by their ideas, committing their lives to changing the direction of their field. They are both visionaries and ultimate realists, concerned with the practical implementation of their vision above all else.–ASHOKA

Identifying and solving large-scale social problems requires a committed person with a vision and determination to persist in the face of daunting odds.–PBS: The New Heroes

[Social entrepreneurs] recognize the extraordinary potential in the billions of poor people who inhabit the planet, and they are absolutely committed to helping them use their talents and abilities to achieve their potential.–Skoll Foundation

• Social entrepreneurs address large scale issues

[S]ocial entrepreneurs are solution-minded pragmatists who are not afraid to tackle some of the world’s biggest problems.–Skoll Foundation

Identifying and solving large-scale social problems requires a committed person with a vision and determination to persist in the face of daunting odds.–PBS: The New Heroes

[A social entrepreneur] achieves large scale, systemic and sustainable social change through a new invention, a different approach, a more rigorous application of known technologies or strategies, or a combination of these.–Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship

• Social entrepreneurs are contrasted with businesses entrepreneurs

Whereas a business entrepreneur typically measures performance in profit and return, a social entrepreneur assesses success in terms of the impact s/he has on society. –Wikipedia, “social entrepreneurship”

Unlike traditional business entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs primarily seek to generate “social value” rather than profits. And unlike the majority of non-profit organizations, their work is targeted not only towards immediate, small-scale effects, but sweeping, long-term change.–PBS: The New Heroes

Distinct from a business entrepreneur who sees value in the creation of new markets, the social entrepreneur aims for value in the form of transformational change that will benefit disadvantaged communities and ultimately society at large.–Skoll Foundation

They pursue poverty alleviation goals with entrepreneurial zeal, business methods and the courage to innovate and overcome traditional practices. A social entrepreneur, similar to a business entrepreneur, builds strong and sustainable organizations, which are either set up as not-for-profits or companies.–Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship

And a quick commentary:

It’s easy to envision social entrepreneurs as innovators, but I think it is very interesting that so many organizations have also chosen to define social entrepreneurs as “very committed” –not that I do not think social entreprenuers are committed to the causes they support, but rather that commitment has become part of the definition. There is the implication that social entrepreneurship involves blood, sweat, and tears and involves a holistic value system that guides a social entrepreneurs life’s work.  For social entrepreneurs, work isn’t just a job–it’s a way of life.

The third characteristic–that social entrepreneurs address large scale issues–I also think perhaps narrows social entrepreneurship unfairly. I am sure that many of the larger organizations working in social entrepreneurship focus on large issues such as global climate change, world hunger, poverty, and education–but I imagine that the most successful social ventures operate at the grassroots level, addressing the specific elements of an issue and applying targeted solutions. The ability to yield greater impact and effectiveness is likely linked to the scale of the project….and I would assume that the closer you are to the ground, and the smaller the scale of your project, the more effective and successful it will be. Maybe it’s just semantics…or maybe it is just a different way of framing the issue.

Lastly, I want to address the tendency to describe social entrepreneurs as being distinct from business entrepreneurs. I understand, and totally agree with, the distinctions made between social and business entrepreneurs. But! I would add a bit of caution to the severity of that line. While some organizations contrast social entrepreneurs with business entrepreneurs, others compare them and emphasize as well as celebrate the use of business principles and private sector strategies by social entrepreneurs. As things continue to shift and the social sector continues to grow, I think that line will become more undefined. For example, while public policy graduate programs exist all around the country (See Public Policy School?), many business schools now offer social entrepreneurship and nonprofit specialties, conferences, and fellowships.

Check out: U.S. News & World Report’s MBA Nonprofit Specialty rankings, Harvard University’s Social Enterprise Initiative, Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business’ Center for Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship, and Net Impact —just to name a few.